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Writer's pictureVikas Yadav

Important MCQs From Chapter Heredity and Evolution | Class X | CBSE Board | Biology Science

MCQs: Heredity and Evolution

 

1. Who is known as the father of genetics?

   A) Charles Darwin 

   B) Gregor Mendel 

   C) Louis Pasteur 

   D) James Watson

 

2. The basic unit of heredity is called:

   A) Chromosome 

   B) DNA 

   C) Gene 

   D) RNA

 

3. Mendel's laws of inheritance were based on the study of:

   A) Fruit flies 

   B) Pea plants 

   C) Maize 

   D) Humans

 

4. Which of the following is a recessive trait in pea plants according to Mendel's experiments?

   A) Tall stem 

   B) Yellow seed colour 

   C) Green pod colour 

   D) White flower colour

 

5. The physical expression of a gene is known as:

   A) Genotype 

   B) Phenotype 

   C) Allele 

   D) Chromosome

 

6. Which law states that allele pairs separate independently during the formation of gametes?

   A) Law of Segregation 

   B) Law of Independent Assortment 

   C) Law of Dominance 

   D) Law of Inheritance

 

7. The structure that carries genetic information in the form of genes is called:

   A) Ribosome 

   B) Chromosome 

   C) Cell membrane 

   D) Cytoplasm

 

8. What does DNA stand for?

   A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid 

   B) Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid 

   C) Dioxy Nucleic Acid 

   D) Deoxyribosome Acid

 

9. In which part of the cell is DNA located?

   A) Cell membrane 

   B) Cytoplasm 

   C) Nucleus 

   D) Mitochondria

 

10. Which of the following is an example of a genetic disorder?

    A) Malaria 

    B) Sickle cell anaemia 

    C) Tuberculosis 

    D) Flu

 

11. What is the term used for the alternate forms of a gene?

    A) Genotype 

    B) Phenotype 

    C) Allele 

    D) Chromosome

 

12. Which of the following is a dominant trait in pea plants according to Mendel's experiments?

    A) Short height 

    B) Yellow seed colour 

    C) Green seed colour 

    D) White flower colour

 

13. Which type of reproduction results in greater variation in offspring?

    A) Asexual reproduction 

    B) Sexual reproduction 

    C) Vegetative reproduction 

    D) Binary fission

 

14. The process by which a species changes over time is called:

    A) Mutation 

    B) Evolution 

    C) Inheritance 

    D) Selection

 

15. Which of the following shows that all living organisms have descended from a common ancestor?

    A) Variation 

    B) Fossils 

    C) Genotype 

    D) Phenotype

 

16. What do we call a change in the DNA sequence?

    A) Evolution 

    B) Mutation 

    C) Variation 

    D) Natural Selection

 

17. Who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection?

    A) Gregor Mendel 

    B) Louis Pasteur 

    C) Charles Darwin 

    D) James Watson

 

18. What is the scientific term for the study of fossils?

    A) Archaeology 

    B) Palaeontology 

    C) Genetics 

    D) Anthropology

 

19. Which of the following best describes a vestigial structure?

    A) A newly evolved structure 

    B) A structure that is no longer used 

    C) A structure that aids in survival 

    D) A structure unique to a species

 

20. Which of the following is an example of a vestigial organ in humans?

    A) Heart 

    B) Liver 

    C) Appendix 

    D) Kidney

 

21. Which of these is NOT a part of Darwin's theory of natural selection?

    A) Overproduction 

    B) Variation 

    C) Inheritance 

    D) Acquired characteristics

 

22. The finches on the Galapagos Islands are an example of:

    A) Artificial selection 

    B) Adaptive radiation 

    C) Co-evolution 

    D) Genetic drift

 

23. Which evidence best supports the theory of evolution?

    A) Similarities in DNA sequences 

    B) Differences in climatic conditions 

    C) Use of modern technology 

    D) Development of artificial intelligence

 

24. How are fossils formed?

    A) Through the rapid cooling of lava 

    B) By sediment covering dead organisms 

    C) Through photosynthesis 

    D) By active volcanic eruptions

 

25. What are homologous structures?

    A) Structures that serve the same function but have different origins 

    B) Structures that have different functions but the same origin 

    C) Structures unique to one species 

    D) Structures that have evolved independently

 

26. Which of the following is an example of a homologous structure?

    A) Wings of a butterfly and bat 

    B) Fins of a fish and flippers of a dolphin 

    C) Human arm and bat wing 

    D) Eyes of a human and octopus

 

27. What is genetic drift?

    A) Movement of genes from one population to another 

    B) Random changes in allele frequencies in small populations 

    C) Directed changes in allele frequencies 

    D) None of the above

 

28. Which of the following statements is true about evolution?

    A) It is a slow and gradual process 

    B) It occurs rapidly 

    C) It only happens in plants 

    D) It stops once a species is perfectly adapted

 

29. Speciation is:

    A) The extinction of a species 

    B) The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution 

    C) Genetic mutation within a species 

    D) The survival of the fittest

 

30. What does "survival of the fittest" mean?

    A) Only the strongest survive 

    B) Organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce 

    C) The fastest organisms survive 

    D) Survival through cooperation

 

31. Which type of evidence is used to establish evolutionary relationships among organisms?

    A) Biochemical 

    B) Anatomical 

    C) Fossil 

    D) All of the above

 

32. Which is a common factor between natural selection and genetic drift?

    A) Both are random processes 

    B) Both are influenced by environmental factors 

    C) Both result in changes in allele frequencies 

    D) Both are predictable

 

33. Analogous structures are:

    A) Similar in function but different in structure 

    B) Similar in structure but different in function 

    C) Present only in extinct species 

    D) Found only in vertebrates

 

34. The theory of use and disuse is associated with:

    A) Darwin 

    B) Mendel 

    C) Lamarck 

    D) Watson

 

35. What are acquired traits?

    A) Traits gained from parents 

    B) Traits developed during an individual's life 

    C) Traits that are always beneficial 

    D) Traits coded by DNA

 

36. Which of the following is a limitation of Lamarck's theory of evolution?

    A) It cannot explain the inheritance of acquired traits 

    B) It focuses only on variation 

    C) It does not involve natural selection 

    D) It supports the idea of fixed species

 

37. The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes a population that is:

    A) Evolving 

    B) In genetic equilibrium 

    C) Experiencing genetic drift 

    D) Undergoing mutation

 

38. Which term is used to describe a species that no longer has any living members?

    A) Extant 

    B) Extinct 

    C) Endangered 

    D) Evolved

 

39. A species with a short reproductive cycle and many offspring is likely to:

    A) Adapt slowly to environmental changes 

    B) Adapt quickly to environmental changes 

    C) Go extinct 

    D) Have no variation

 

40. Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?

    A) Mutation 

    B) Random mating 

    C) Crossing over during meiosis 

    D) All of the above

 

41. The concept that genes exist in pairs and are separated during gamete formation is known as:

    A) Segregation 

    B) Independent Assortment 

    C) Crossing Over 

    D) Dominance

 

42. How are new alleles introduced into a population?

    A) Through natural selection 

    B) Through genetic drift 

    C) Through mutation 

    D) Through migration

 

43. Which of the following terms is used to describe the preserved remains of ancient organisms?

    A) Evolution 

    B) Fossil 

    C) Mutation 

    D) Species

 

44. What kind of selection favours individuals at both extremes of a trait over individuals with intermediate traits?

    A) Stabilizing selection 

    B) Disruptive selection 

    C) Directional selection 

    D) Artificial selection

 

45. What does the fossil record provide evidence for?

    A) Gradual evolution over long periods 

    B) Sudden appearance of fully formed species 

    C) The existence of only one species on Earth 

    D) Evolution is not a real phenomenon

 

46. What is selective breeding?

    A) Choosing organisms with desirable traits to reproduce 

    B) Random mating between organisms 

    C) Breeding only in the wild 

    D) Breeding without any human intervention

 

47. Genetic engineering can be used to:

    A) Produce crops resistant to pests 

    B) Clone organisms 

    C) Treat genetic disorders 

    D) All of the above

 

48. What is the role of DNA in evolution?

    A) It stores the genetic code for organisms 

    B) It acts as a catalyst in metabolic reactions 

    C) It provides energy for cellular processes 

    D) It does not have any role in evolution

 

49. How does sexual reproduction contribute to evolution?

    A) By producing identical offspring 

    B) By introducing genetic variation 

    C) By creating clones 

    D) By reducing the number of offspring

 

50. What is the primary difference between artificial selection and natural selection?

    A) Artificial selection is driven by humans; natural selection is driven by the environment 

    B) Artificial selection is faster than natural selection 

    C) Artificial selection leads to more genetic variation than natural selection 

    D) Artificial selection has no impact on evolution

 

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Answers:

 

1. B) Gregor Mendel

2. C) Gene

3. B) Pea plants

4. D) White flower colour

5. B) Phenotype

6. B) Law of Independent Assortment

7. B) Chromosome

8. A) Deoxyribonucleic Acid

9. C) Nucleus

10. B) Sickle cell anaemia

11. C) Allele

12. B) Yellow seed colour

13. B) Sexual reproduction

14. B) Evolution

15. B) Fossils

16. B) Mutation

17. C) Charles Darwin

18. B) Palaeontology

19. B) A structure that is no longer used

20. C) Appendix

21. D) Acquired characteristics

22. B) Adaptive radiation

23. A) Similarities in DNA sequences

24. B) By sediment covering dead organisms

25. B) Structures that have different functions but the same origin

26. C) Human arm and bat wing

27. B) Random changes in allele frequencies in small populations

28. A) It is a slow and gradual process

29. B) The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

30. B) Organisms best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce

31. D) All of the above

32. C) Both result in changes in allele frequencies

33. A) Similar in function but different in structure

34. C) Lamarck

35. B) Traits developed during an individual's life

36. A) It cannot explain the inheritance of acquired traits

37. B) In genetic equilibrium

38. B) Extinct

39. B) Adapt quickly to environmental changes

40. D) All of the above

41. A) Segregation

42. C) Through mutation

43. B) Fossil

44. B) Disruptive selection

45. A) Gradual evolution over long periods

46. A) Choosing organisms with desirable traits to reproduce

47. D) All of the above

48. A) It stores the genetic code for organisms

49. B) By introducing genetic variation

50. A) Artificial selection is driven by humans; natural selection is driven by the environment

 

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