Nutrition
1. Which of the following is not a part of the human digestive system?
a) Esophagus
b) Small intestine
c) Lungs
d) Stomach
2. The process by which green plants prepare their own food is called:
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Transpiration
d) Digestion
3. What is the main site of photosynthesis in plants?
a) Roots
b) Flowers
c) Leaves
d) Stems
4. Which of the following substances is produced during photosynthesis?
a) Oxygen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Nitrogen
d) Methane
5. In which part of the human digestive system does the majority of nutrient absorption occur?
a) Mouth
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
6. Which organ produces bile?
a) Pancreas
b) Liver
c) Stomach
d) Gallbladder
7. Which enzyme is responsible for the digestion of proteins in the stomach?
a) Amylase
b) Pepsin
c) Lipase
d) Trypsin
8. The process of breaking down food into simpler substances is called:
a) Ingestion
b) Digestion
c) Assimilation
d) Absorption
9. Which of the following is a heterotrophic mode of nutrition?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Chemosynthesis
c) Parasitic
d) Autotrophic
10. Which part of the plant is mainly involved in the absorption of water and minerals?
a) Stem
b) Leaves
c) Roots
d) Flowers
Respiration
11. What is the main function of the respiratory system?
a) Digestion of food
b) Transport of blood
c) Exchange of gases
d) Excretion of waste
12. Which gas is taken in during respiration?
a) Nitrogen
b) Carbon dioxide
c) Oxygen
d) Helium
13. The respiratory organ in humans is:
a) Kidneys
b) Liver
c) Lungs
d) Heart
14. During inhalation, the diaphragm:
a) Relaxes
b) Contracts and moves downwards
c) Contracts and moves upwards
d) Remains stationary
15. What is the primary respiratory pigment in humans?
a) Myoglobin
b) Hemoglobin
c) Chlorophyll
d) Carotene
16. Anaerobic respiration takes place in:
a) Presence of oxygen
b) Absence of oxygen
c) Presence of carbon dioxide
d) Presence of nitrogen
17. The by-products of aerobic respiration are:
a) Oxygen and glucose
b) Carbon dioxide and water
c) Lactic acid and water
d) Ethanol and carbon dioxide
18. The tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs are called:
a) Bronchi
b) Trachea
c) Alveoli
d) Larynx
19. Which of the following organisms use gills for respiration?
a) Birds
b) Insects
c) Fish
d) Mammals
20. Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell because it is the site of cellular respiration?
a) Chloroplast
b) Mitochondria
c) Ribosome
d) Golgi apparatus
Transportation
21. The fluid part of blood is known as:
a) Plasma
b) Platelets
c) White blood cells
d) Red blood cells
22. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?
a) Aorta
b) Vena cava
c) Pulmonary artery
d) Pulmonary vein
23. The main function of red blood cells is to:
a) Fight infection
b) Clot blood
c) Transport oxygen
d) Digest food
24. What is the primary function of the heart?
a) To digest food
b) To pump blood
c) To filter waste
d) To produce hormones
25. Which part of the plant is responsible for the transportation of water and minerals?
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Stomata
d) Chloroplast
26. Which of the following has valves to prevent the backflow of blood?
a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) All of the above
27. The liquid portion of blood without clotting factors is called:
a) Serum
b) Plasma
c) Lymph
d) Hemoglobin
28. The process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants is called:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Digestion
29. Which blood component is responsible for clotting?
a) Red blood cells
b) White blood cells
c) Platelets
d) Plasma
30. What structure in plants transports food from the leaves to other parts?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Roots
d) Stomata
Excretion
31. The main excretory organ in humans is:
a) Lungs
b) Skin
c) Kidneys
d) Liver
32. The functional unit of the kidney is:
a) Nephron
b) Neuron
c) Alveoli
d) Villi
33. Urea is produced in the:
a) Kidney
b) Liver
c) Heart
d) Lungs
34. Which of the following is a waste product of protein metabolism?
a) Carbon dioxide
b) Urea
c) Oxygen
d) Glucose
35. The process of removing metabolic waste from the body is called:
a) Digestion
b) Respiration
c) Excretion
d) Circulation
36. Which organ helps in the detoxification of harmful substances in the blood?
a) Kidney
b) Liver
c) Heart
d) Lungs
37. The structure in the nephron that filters blood is called:
a) Loop of Henle
b) Glomerulus
c) Tubule
d) Ureter
38. What is the main nitrogenous waste in humans?
a) Ammonia
b) Uric acid
c) Urea
d) Nitrate
39. In plants, the removal of excess water is mainly carried out through:
a) Photosynthesis
b) Respiration
c) Transpiration
d) Excretion
40. Which part of the nephron is involved in reabsorbing water and nutrients from the filtrate?
a) Bowman's capsule
b) Loop of Henle
c) Collecting duct
d) Glomerulus
Miscellaneous
41. What is the name of the pigment that gives the green color to plants?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Chlorophyll
c) Carotene
d) Xanthophyll
42. Which part of the human body is mainly involved in the absorption of digested nutrients?
a) Mouth
b) Stomach
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
43. What is the name of the process by which plants lose water in the form of water vapor?
a) Photosynthesis
b) Transpiration
c) Respiration
d) Digestion
44. Which of the following is a product of anaerobic respiration in muscles?
a) Lactic acid
b) Glucose
c) Oxygen
d) Water
45. The process by which food is taken into the body is called:
a) Digestion
b) Ingestion
c) Absorption
d) Assimilation
46. Which of the following is not a function of the human stomach?
a) Secreting digestive enzymes
b) Absorbing water
c) Mixing food with gastric juice
d) Killing bacteria with acid
47. Which of the following is a function of bile?
a) Breaking down proteins
b) Emulsifying fats
c) Breaking down carbohydrates
d) Absorbing water
48. The blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called:
a) Veins
b) Capillaries
c) Arteries
d) Vena cava
49. The term for the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscles to move food through the digestive system is:
a) Peristalsis
b) Digestion
c) Absorption
d) Assimilation
50. Which of the following statements is true about autotrophs?
a) They obtain their food from other organisms.
b) They can make their own food using sunlight.
c) They are only found in animals.
d) They do not require water for food production.
Answers
1. c) Lungs
2. b) Photosynthesis
3. c) Leaves
4. a) Oxygen
5. c) Small intestine
6. b) Liver
7. b) Pepsin
8. b) Digestion
9. c) Parasitic
10. c) Roots
11. c) Exchange of gases
12. c) Oxygen
13. c) Lungs
14. b) Contracts and moves downwards
15. b) Hemoglobin
16. b) Absence of oxygen
17. b) Carbon dioxide and water
18. c) Alveoli
19. c) Fish
20. b) Mitochondria
21. a) Plasma
22. d) Pulmonary vein
23. c) Transport oxygen
24. b) To pump blood
25. b) Xylem
26. b) Veins
27. a) Serum
28. c) Transpiration
29. c) Platelets
30. b) Phloem
31. c) Kidneys
32. a) Nephron
33. b) Liver
34. b) Urea
35. c) Excretion
36. b) Liver
37. b) Glomerulus
38. c) Urea
39. c) Transpiration
40. b) Loop of Henle
41. b) Chlorophyll
42. c) Small intestine
43. b) Transpiration
44. a) Lactic acid
45. b) Ingestion
46. b) Absorbing water
47. b) Emulsifying fats
48. c) Arteries
49. a) Peristalsis
50. b) They can make their own food using sunlight
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